Homepage: Techniques for Documenting with Proof or Supporting Evidence, and Related Strategies for Problem Solving

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Techniques for Documenting with Proof or Supporting

Evidence, and Related Strategies for Problem Solving

This is an e-book with over 64,660 words, and 25 chapters.

To access a chapter, scroll down to the white section,

and click on the URL that corresponds to the

chapter that you want to read, or listen to.

About this E-Book

I wrote this e-book, as a capstone project, to obtain a master’s degree from the graduate program at Lyndon State College. However, this book is not a thesis. It is an instructional text, written in a style that is appropriate for the web. The book is written in a relatively simple and informal style, so that it will be useful for a wide variety of readers.

(If you want information on the graduate program at Lyndon State College click on these words.) My graduate studies, was focused on expository and technical writing, and this book has a similar focus. The book presents 28 techniques (or strategies) for supporting the validity of expository and technical statements and paragraphs. This is especially useful for material that cannot be supported by published sources, such as the following examples:

· Truly original work: This involves concepts, descriptions, explanations, methods, hypotheses, instructions, and statements that were NOT borrowed from published sources.

· Descriptions of entities created by the writer: This can involve artwork, experiments, inventions, software, or anything else that the writer created.

· Descriptions of the writer’s personal achievements, knowledge, and skills: This can involve claims of knowledge and skills, such as for employment, or college admissions.

· Descriptions of the writer’s observations, experiences, and discoveries: This can involve scientific as well as personal observations.

Some of the 28 techniques presented in this book involve various types of logical reasoning, to support the validity of claims, explanations, and statements in a document. This includes reasoning based on: cause-and-effect, mathematics, schematic diagrams, and flowcharts, as well as deductive and inductive reasoning. Some of the techniques involve strategic use of words to make text understandable and believable to the readers.

Most of the 28 techniques are also useful for various types of problem solving, and goal attainment efforts. This includes strategies that involve reasoning, mathematics, experimentation, and trial and error. These techniques, as well as the writing process itself, are especially useful for scientific and industrial problems and goals. Objectives in this category often require extensive writing challenges to produce required documentation. This can involve writing reports, grant proposals, feasibility studies, instructions, various types of technical documents, and scientific articles for publication. Statements in these documents must be supported with adequate proof or supporting evidence, which can be achieved with the 28 techniques presented in this e-book.

The book was designed for ease-of-use. It was written with relatively large text, with a line spacing of 1.5. Each chapter is on one long webpage, and it has headings and subheadings, as well as a hyperlink table of contents.

This book was created in a dual format, consisting of conventional text, and an audio narration of the text, recorded on sound files. Each chapter has one or more hyperlinks, just above the first topic, for starting a sound recording of the text.

This E-Book Provides Additional and Supporting Information from other Authors, with Web Links

This e-book contains links to web-based articles and videos from other authors, for additional, alternative, and supporting information. The links are the blue underlined words, presented throughout this e-book. However, some of these links are to access different sections of this e-book, or material on my own websites.

Quotes and paraphrases in this e-book have hyperlinks to access the original source. The quotes are presented in brown text, which is the same color of these words. (The precise text color is RGB Decimal 165, 42, 42, or Hex #a52a2a)

Some of the web links in this e-book will probably fail eventually, because websites may be removed from the web, or placed on a new URL. If a link fails, use the blue underlined words as a search phrase, with www.Google.com If the link is for a video, use www.google.com/videohp The search will usually bring up the original website, or one or more good alternatives. However, if the initial search is unsuccessful, try shortening the search phrase. If there is an author’s name on the web link, remove it if you want to find a greater number of sources.

A List of Web Links to Access the Chapters in this E-Book

Note, this e-book is in three formats. This includes the conventional web format, (HTML), and the Microsoft Word format. For those who prefer listening, rather than reading on a computer screen, a MP3 audio format is provided, with a recorded narration of the text.

Because of the three formats, each chapter as three or more web links. The HTML web links end with the chapter number. The Microsoft word web links look like this Word.docx. The links for the audio recording of the text and with .mp3

For a list of the 24 techniques, left click on the following URL

www.TechForText.com/DP/LT

Chapter 1) Introduction, and the Limitations and Problems of Conventional Writing and Citation Strategies, and the Alternatives

A little over 2,500 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-1

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-1/Word.docx

For audio narration: www.techfortext.com/DP/Chapter-1/C1.mp3

Chapter 2) How to Use 28 Techniques, for Documenting with Proof and/or Supporting Evidence, and the Optimum Utilization of Techniques 1 and 2

A little over 2,500 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-2

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-2/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-2/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-2/P2.mp3

Chapter 3) Technique-3, Writing a Document with a Expert: Co-Author, Editor, and/or Reviewer

A little over 880 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-3

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-3/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-3/P1.mp3

Chapter 4) Technique-4, Using Historical Information, And Historical Evidence, to Write a Document

A little over 3,500 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-4

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-4/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-4/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-4/P2.mp3

Chapter 5) Technique 5, Using Rules, Laws, and Court Decisions, for Information, and for Evidence to Support the Statements in Your Document

A little over 2,260 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-5

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-5/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-5/P1.mp3

Chapter 6) Technique-6, Interviews and Discussions to Obtain Information and Related Supporting Evidence to Write A Document,

A little over 3,300 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-6

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-6/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-6/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-6/P2.mp3

Chapter 7) Technique-7, Using Deductive Reasoning, to Support The Statements in your Document, and for Problem Solving,

A little over 2,540 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-7

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-7/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-7/P1.mp3

Chapter 8) Technique-8, Inductive Reasoning, to Support your Writing and for Problem Solving

A little over 1,870 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-8

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-8/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-8/P1.mp3

Chapter 9) Technique 9, Reasoning Based on Common Sense, to Support Your Writing and for Problem Solving

A little over 2,900 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-9

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-9/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-9/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-9/P2.mp3

Chapter 10) Technique-10, Reasoning Based on Educated Common Sense, and Common Knowledge, WITHIN A SPECIALIZED FIELD

A little over 1,350 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-10

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-10/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-10/P1.mp3

Chapter 11) Common Knowledge, and Common Knowledge Within A Specialized Field, with Related Concepts

A little over 3,060 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-11

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-11/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-11/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-11/P2.mp3

For audio part 3: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-11/P3.mp3

Chapter 12) Can a Computer have Common Sense, And Computer Simulations of Common Sense, With Artificial Intelligence Software

A little over 4,950 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-12

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-12/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-12/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-12/P2.mp3

For audio part 3: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-12/P3.mp3

Chapter 13) Technique-11, Reasoning Based on Cause-and-Effect, and Related Concepts

A little over 3,400 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13/P2.mp3

For audio part 3: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13/P3.mp3

For audio part 4: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-13/P4.mp3

Chapter 14) Technique 12) Using Schematic Diagrams, and Flowcharts

A little over 3,900 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-14

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-14/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-14/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-14/P2.mp3

Chapter 15) Technique-13, Reasoning Based On Mathematics, and Related Concepts

A little over 2,500 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-15

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-15/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-15/P1.mp3

Chapter 16) Technique-14, Using and/or Creating Terms, and Categories that are TRUE BY DEFINITION

A little over 1,500 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-16

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-16/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-16/P1.mp3

Chapter 17) Technique-15, Creating Explanations and Statements that are Logical and Believable, And Related Strategies for Good Writing

A little over 2,800 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-17

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-17/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-17/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-17/P2.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-17/P3.mp3

Chapter 18) Technique-16 Experimental Evidence, And Related Concepts

A little over 1,900 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-18

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-18/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-18/P1.mp3

Chapter 19 ) Technique-17, Using the Results of a TRIAL-AND-ERROR Effort, as Supporting Evidence, as a Topic for a Writing Project, or to Solve a Problem or Obtain a Goal

A little over 3,700 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-19

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-19/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-19/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-19/P2.mp3

For audio part 3: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-19/P3.mp3

Chapter 20) Techniques-18 Trial and Evaluation by the Readers, And Technique-19, Displaying Original or Creative Work, As Proof or Supporting Evidence, with Related Concepts

A little over 2,300 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-20

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-20/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-20/P1.mp3

For audio part 2: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-20/P2.mp3

Chapter 21) Technique-20,Physical Evidence, And Related Concepts

A little over 1200 words

For HTML: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-21

For Word: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-21/Word.docx

For audio part 1: www.TechForText.com/DP/Chapter-21/P1.mp3

Chapter 22) Technique-21, Evidence Based on Surveys, And Related Concepts and Strategies

A little over 4,500 words